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Assessing Dalits on the basis of land, agriculture and labour
 
 


 

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 How Dalits are placed in  rural areas in India is a well known fact.Not only social, but  based on  economic, political and education parameters, one can say that they are not able to meet their basic needs such as food, water and clothing.   They only have physical strength and even if they have any skill set , the caste system has made them appear in a stereotype image. Thus they may be earning their livelihood but their self-esteem gets discounted in the process. There seems to be no hpe in offing for them. For farmers, agriculture is the source of livelihood but size of average landholding is getting reduced and cost of farm inputs is increasing making this option unviable.

They don't have the desired skill set to exploit new job opportunities. They have to resort to manual labour in the unorganized sector where there is great deal of uncertainty. Thus the future  for coming generations of dalit appear bleak.

The situation is more or less same in both cities as well as villages. Urbanisation has been forced on dalits as they have to migrate to cities for work with no opportunities available in villages. Due to average size of land holding in rural areas being on decline, dalit familiessupplement their megare farm income with manual labour in cities or on other farms.In cities  dalit men migrated from rural areas mainly  work as construction workers while women and children get to to household work for others.

 

 In between the families get back to village for farming. Thus there is no place for education and no time to give a thought to  betterment of life for them . This indicates the challenges facing their future generations.

 

Here we would try to analyse the situation on the basis of data  from Census 2001.

 

Status of Scheduled Castes(state wise) on the basis of Census 2001    

State

Total population

Total workerú

Number of farmers

Percentage of farmer's number

 Number of farm workers

Percentage of farm workers

 

Other domestic servants and industrial labour

Their percentage 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andhra Pradesh

12]339]496

6]233]518

606]761

10

4]258]259

68

1]368]498

22

Bihar

13]048]608

5]185]835

411]995

8

4]024]880

78

748]960

14

Chattisgarh

2]418]722

1]036]889

337]772

33

430]885

42

267]894

26

Delhi

2]343]255

709]792

2]079

0

4]582

1

703]131

99

Jharkhand

3]189]320

1]200]072

231]692

19

565]212

47

403]168

34

Madhya Pradesh

9]155]177

3]947]504

1]065]360

27

1]678]572

43

1]010]072

26

Maharashtra

9]881]656

4]141]193

533]454

13

1]908]382

46

1]699]357

41

Orissa

6]082]063

2]392]067

434]659

18

1]092]224

46

865]184

36

Rajasthan

9]694]462

4]036]120

1]769]656

44

437]499

11

1]431]165

35

Uttarakhand

1]517]186

569]304

268]906

47

87]053

15

213]345

37

 

 

From the above table it is clear that agriculture has been the main source of employment in rural areas. It must be noted that only 10 per cent of the farmers own land. The others have been kept in cateogory of farm labour.In a city like Delhi, considered to be land of opportunities, employment opportunities are few for dalits, as 99 per cent them work as domestic or industrial  labour and only one per cent have the power to decide their own fate.

 

Population and Farm labour                              

 

                                                                                                                (in million)                                                                       

year

Total population

Rural population

Number of farmers

No. of farm workers

Total

1951

361-1

298-6

¼82-7½

69-9

¼71-9½

27-3

¼28-1½

97-2

¼100-0½

1961

439-2

360-3

¼82-0½

99-6

¼76-0½

31.5

¼24-0½

131-1

¼100-0½

1971

548-2

439-0

¼80-1½

78-2

¼62-2½

47-5

¼37-8½

125-7

¼100-0½

1981

683-3

523-9

¼76-7½

92-5

¼62-5½

55-5

¼37-5½

148-0

¼100-0½

1991

846-4

628-9

¼74-3½

110-7

¼59-7½

74-6

¼40-3½

185-3

¼100-0½

2001

1028-7

742-6

¼72-2½

127-3

¼54-4½

106-8

¼45-6½

234-1

¼100-0½

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: NSO situation assessment survey of farmers

 

We can see in the above table that in the last six decades the proportion of farmers is coming down and per centage of farrm labour is going up. In 1951, 71.9 farmers had their own land while 27.1 per cent were farm workers, in 2001, the per centage for the same was  54.4 and 45.6 respectively.Though there is no separate category of  scheduled castes and scheduled tribes mentioned in the above data but one can easily guess what would be their share in this data.

In this situation we would have to think about the real challenges facing the dalit movement. Is it going to focus only on the issue of identity or it would raise issues related to harsher ground realties.The unorganized sector is fast emerging as the easiest source of cheap labour all around the world. Now is the time when dalit movement should develop a synergy with the potent political forces in this sector.

SAFDAR  
c/o Aloka
H.B.Road Tharpakhan Ranchi 01
Jharkhand
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Hot issues of Today
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  • Garhwa
  • Giridih
  • Godda
  • Gumla
  • Hazaribag
  • Jamshedpur
  • Jamtara
  • Koderma
  • Latehar
  • Lohardaga
  • Pakur
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